For week 8, it was the continuation of week 7 of research methodology and academic writing. Yuan had went over significant points involving significant points such as the structure of the essay.

• Introduction
• Section 1 
• Section 2
• Conclusion
• References

With sections 1, 2 and etc to be the main body for the following essay. The introduction acts as a bridge that transports readers to this place of this essay and have initial impressions of the argument made within the text and writing style. To include an introduction is too;

• Arouse the reader’s interest
• Set the scene
• Explain how you interpret the question set
• Define or explain key terms if necessary
• Identify the issues that you are going to explore
• Give a brief outline of how you will deal with each issue, and in which order

The main body is divided into sections with subtitles to cover one topic and into paragraphs. They need their own structure, a topic sentence which tells the reader about the subject in the paragraph (the first paragraph) and each one having a purpose. 

Every paragraph should be:
Unified—All of the sentences in a single paragraph should relate to a single controlling idea
(often expressed in the topic sentence of the paragraph).
Clearly related to the research question—The sentences should all refer to the central idea of
the work.
Coherent—The sentences should be arranged in a logical manner and should follow a definite
plan for development.
Well-developed—Every idea discussed in the paragraph should be adequately explained and
supported through evidence and details that work together to explain the paragraph’s
controlling idea.

Paragraphs should have more than one sentence add adding in “however, moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand and in addition”. For the conclusion is needed to round off your work, when introducing new ideas decide whether they are relevant or not and should fit the main body to have our final say in the matter and issues and to make a final impression on a positive note. The conclusion should;

• Draw everything together
• Summarise the main themes
• State your general conclusions
• Make it clear why those conclusions are important or significant
• Do not introduce new material
• In the last sentence, sum up your argument very briefly, linking it to the title
• Set the issues in a broader perspective/wider context
• Discuss what you’ve failed to do if you have.

Editing and proofreading

• Allow plenty of time to proofread your work.
• Be aware of the type of mistakes that you tend to make so you can
focus on eliminating them.
• Read your work aloud, which can highlight punctuation errors
particularly

• You have plagiarised if:
  you took notes that did not distinguish summary and paraphrase from quotation and then you
  presented wording from the notes as if it were all your own
•  while browsing the Web, you copied text and pasted it into your paper without quotation marks or
  without citing the source 
• you repeated or paraphrased someone’s wording without acknowledgment.
•  you paraphrased someone’s argument or presented someone’s line of thought without
  acknowledgment.
•  you bought or otherwise acquired a research paper and handed in part or all of it as your own
• You can avoid plagiarism by:
   making a list of the writers and viewpoints you discovered in your research and
  using this list to double-check the presentation of material in your paper.
• keeping the following three categories distinct in your notes: your ideas, your
  summaries of others’ material, and exact wording you copy.
• identifying the sources of all material you borrow—exact wording, paraphrases,
  ideas, arguments, and facts.
• checking with your lecturers/tutors when you are uncertain about your use of
  sources.

For my essay I had chosen 5 topics narrowing them done from the previous week from my mind map of topics to simplify them on my interests and what catches my attention to write on. I then started writing 5 questions for each to see which one would be the most excellent question and help me pick the one question for my essay to work on after tutorial week.

We had resumed our class as normal with Yuan back. For week 7 she had went over our assignment 2 which includes the industry report and essay. But most importantly choosing a topic, research question and the methodology of it. 

For the essay we must have;

• An answer to a question 
• Discuss an issue or point of academic contention.
• Make a cohere agreement supported by appropriate
• Secondary research – review existing literature 
• Not usually for a specific audience 
• Structure Intro themed content sections – conclusion – reference – appendices (where used).
• Might contain images, but does not contain diagrams, table, figures “Why  is animated film Porco Rosso considered as Hayao Miyazaki’s veiled autobiography?

Choosing a topic – Start with an idea, a question, an observation a what I like to know more about. This coursework is my opportunity to research something that Interest’s Me! 

Yuan continued onward with the explanation of the industry report as well and how we would need proof and evidence for the report. Since I’m doing the essay part this wouldn’t be part of the assignment I need to focus on. After the presentation I had made a plan on listing doing different topics which would be the main focus of the essay such as horror, sexuality, gender, disability, documentary on a music video or movie, villains, mental issues and finally lighting. 

That way I have ideas and my interests that I can focus on involving the topic question that I would have to answer.

Ryan had returned this week for another presentation on Animated Documentary with the conflict of combining art and actuality. He showed us the Zara’s story with Zara in live action with her animated dog. We then moved onto the styles of documentary:

Bill Nichols’ theorised 6 modes… but their differences are nuanced:

–Observational: undisturbed actuality; no influence from the filmmaker

–Expository: objective “voice of God” narration – the “ David Attenborough” style

–Participatory: the filmmaker interacts with the subject – the “Louis Theroux” style

–Reflexive: relies on audience engaging with the filmmaker’s perspective

–Poetic: almost exclusively about creating mood and emotion

Performance: filmmaker becomes the subject

In recent decades, “presenting information” has become a flexible definition, meaning most productions inherently take on a persuasive form, whether it’s to make you side with a perspective, question the information provided or simply feel a certain way.

The question is… does the influence of the filmmaker hurt or benefit what information we learn from a documentary?

We watched a short film koyaanisqatsi which shows us life and the speed of time. 

The spark brothers montage of past music videos and concerts they’ve done showing their weirdness is the cool. 

A short film of Drawing from memory where a man draws from memory events which happened and didn’t happen.

Why do we Use Animation in facts

Emerged in the 20th century, but was largely denoted to PSAs and information films.

-Alternative way to present supplementary information without directly addressing it.

-Visualising unseen knowledge e.g. the feelings of participants.

-Basically… it tried to grow acceptance towards using art to portray “fact”.

-However… this has caused much debate and controversy as we’ll later see…

Visualising autism

A Is For Autism (1992) – Tim Webb used creative contributions from autistic participants to visualise autism in a way never seen before.

Snack And Drink (1999) – Bob Sabiston et al used a Rotoshop program to similarly experiment with raw audio footage of an autistic teenage.

BBC Four – Autism for kids on visualising kids with autism.

The Conflict

The notion of absolute authenticity is being challenged with the rise of subjective experiences… but this can lead to bias and misrepresentation in the wrong hands.

-Opposition believe it downplays fact in favour of individual experiences.

-Supporters argue intimate stories reveal “ignored realities” and encourage empathy.

-Opposition suggest audiences might struggle to tell what’s real and what’s not.

-Supporters give audiences more credit for separating the real from the abstract ie. Animation is evidentially not authentic, it’s about verisimilitude.

WALTZ WITH BASIR (2008)
by ari folman

Folman’s reflexive documentary aimed to showcase his efforts to recall his memories of the 1982 Lebanon War using talking head interviews and dramatic re-enactments. The animation helps remind the audience that memories are prone to distortion so cannot be explicitly “true”.

How is animation used to make us empathise with the participant’s personal experience of the massacre?

-Does using animation (instead of live-action) make the “recollection” or “re-enactment” feel honest?

CREATURE COMFORTS (1989)
BY NICK PARK

Just for fun… Experimenting with real footage and audio allows you to tell unique stories and highlight the crucial fact that context matters and the style of presentation has is powerful stimuli on the audience.

Creature Comforts used non-actors from council estates and retirement homes to recreate Vox Pop style interviews and recontextualised the audio for comedic effect.

NEVER LIKE THE FIRST TIME (2006)
BY Jonas odell

A mix of short films on the subject of sex, virginity and consent. 

Consider how it elevates each story using animation to portray the emotional perspective of each participant.

-Does it enhance you understanding of their experience?

-Does it feel “manipulative” or “persuasive”?

-Does subjectivity truly hurt the truth?

Ryan (2004)
by Chris Landreth

A short film we watched back in first year in semester 1 or 2 about the animator Ryan.

Landreth meticulously implemented animated psychological realism to show not only the feelings of both Landreth and his subject matter Ryan Larkin, but also encouraged the audience to interpret information and drawn their own conclusions.

Notice how it combines several modes of documentary and relies on animation to accentuate complex information.

This gives me quite a few ideas on my assignment 2 essay on documenting a specific music band, or animation film that is both live action and animated. However I still have other options when it comes to gender, sexuality, disabilities e.g. autism, horror for young audiences or a documentary of a music band. 

For this lesson a man called Ryan Hollinger had came into our class with his presentation on Animated Horror 

He talked about horror beyond the scare

Our relationship with Fear and invoking Negative Stimuli:
– Disgust, anxiety, anger, distress, sadness, etc.
– Sometimes challenges Moral Sensibilities.
– Most animated horror focuses on the Psychological, the Grotesque and Dreams.
– Heavier emphasis on imagery, either symbolic or personified.
– Scares can be equally “gratifying” as they are “nihilistic”.
– Facing your fears in safe/entertaining way can be cathartic

The styes of animated horror

REALISM/“UNCANNY”
– Emphasis on verisimilitude.
– Typically “gritty and ugly”.
– Subtle presentation.
– Naturally off-putting feel.

EXPRESSIONISM
– Exaggerating real life.
– Stronger colours/shadow.
– Stylised character designs.
– Can be used comedically.

SURREALISM
– Distorts reality.
– Rejects accessibility.
– Typically cerebral.
– Sometimes mixes styles.

ALL STYLES WORK TOGEHER TO ELICIT REACTION

Horror is always fighting for two methods of thought:
THE VISCERAL & THE CEREBRAL
ALL STYLES WORK TOGEHER TO ELICIT REACTION
(Emotional/Feel) (Mental/Think)

He then showed us examples of movies we’ve or haven’t seen over the years like Fears of the Dark, Krampus with the animated flashback, Paprika, monster family and the game little nightmares.

Games included like silent hill that we analysed in class like the other short films had much horror in the early days. Even talking about fear to the young audiences like kids or teenagers or young adults. Like movies the black cauldron with the skeleton army rising, Coraline going to face the other mother and escaping, monster house eating the two cops and eating the cop car and finally the nightmare before Christmas opening scene/song which everyone enjoys playing for Halloween. 

It gives me some ideas on the assignment 2 but in the mean time I will wait for the next couple of weeks to plan and write out my essay for one of the topics.